利他主义行为与“经济人”范式

Altruistic Behavior and the Paradigm of "Rational Man"

"经济人"假设历来争议不断,利他主义行为是"理性人"自利动机的挑战者。利他可划分的亲缘利他、互惠利他和纯粹利他,前两者在生物学上都得到了较好的解释,行为者在根本上是自利的,可以纳入"经济人"范式。纯粹利他之"纯粹"的界定是一个难题,它的存在性、解释仍存在较大争论。经济学帝国主义的扩张与现代主流经济理论的"贫困化"并行,建立广义效用假说,拓展自利偏好和"效用"内涵以解释纯粹利他,进而维护"经济人"范式有广泛的基础和重要意义,同时也必须认真面对效用论的研究领域和边界,虚心向社会学、心理学、行为学等学科学习和借鉴。

The hypothesis of ＂rational man＂ has been criticized since it was born, and ahmism is a challenger to their rational decision-making. Altruism can be divided into genetic altruism, reciprocal altruism and pure altruism, the former two have been fairly clearly explained in biology, and actors in fact are self-actors, and thus can certainly be explained under the paradigm of ＂rational man＂. As for pure altruism, how to judge ＂pure＂ is difficult, and also are its existence and explanation. Economic Imperialism is on with the ＂impoverishment＂ of main schools of modem economics. Hypothesis of generalized utility is necessary and important, but the definition of generalized utility theory also must be treated seriously, and economcs should learn from sociology, psychology and behavioral sciences and so on.