论道德的概念与论证

On the Concept and Grounding of Morality

启蒙以来的现代境况使得道德及其论证的问题既重要又困难。一方面,传统论道德连同其更高真理包含着无法论证的前提,因而所有道德的核心必须还原到规范之自然的或合理的基本存在之上;另一方面,契约论以及其他现代道德替代品涉及的仅仅是一种外部的社会裁定,而道德则是一种在羞愧、义愤等道德感受中感受到的内部的社会裁定。因此,道德的可能性只在于:本质上将自身理解为一个共同体一般以及与此相关的受到普遍尊重之观念的环节。

Since the Enlightenment, the modem situation makes the problem of morality and its grounding important but difficult. On the one hand, the traditional type of morality with its higher troth comprises a premise which is impossible to be grounded. For that, the core of all morality must be reduced to the natural and rational basic being of norm. On the other hand, contractualism and other substitutes of modem morality only deal with an external social judgment. But morality is an internal social judgment accessible in the sense of shame, indignation, etc. Therefore, the possibility of morality only lies in the essense that morality finds itself in a community of universally respected ideas.