19世纪湘西“苗疆”屯政与乡村社区新阶层的兴起

The Formation of the New Rural Stratum and the Tuntian (屯田) in "the Miao Area" of West Hunan in the Qing Dynasty

19世纪乾嘉苗民起义之后,清政府为了稳定当地社会,在湘西"苗疆"开办屯政。屯政对"苗疆"多民族社区的社会流动模式、社会阶层结构、社区权力结构、民族文化等,均产生深层次影响。本文主要讨论在屯政中成长起来的半职业化管理阶层、知识分子阶层等新兴阶层的规模、特征及其活动的社会后果。

The Tuntian in the Miaos Areas of west of Hunan in the Qing, that is government rearrangged the land and the land belonging to the government cultivated by the stationing troops, is a policy for stabilizing the local society after the rebellion of the Miaos in the reign of the Qianlong and Jiaqing of 19th century. The policy influenced deeply on the type of the social mobility, structure of the social groups and powers, ethnic culture of the multi-nationalities communication. This paper discusses the scale, features of the quasi-professional management group and intellectuals who came being in the process of the Tuntian, and the socal result of the formation of the groups.