我国煤矿区生态环境现状及综合整治对策

A DISCUSSION ON THE ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE COAL MINING AREAS IN CHINA

本文总结了我国煤矿开发对生态环境破坏的总体状况，指出了我国煤矿区生态环境的特征，即华北地区和华东部分地区煤矿开发高强度与煤矿区人多地少的矛盾，西部地区煤炭储量丰富区与生态环境脆弱性的矛盾和我国广大南方煤矿开发分散与煤质差、污染重的矛盾。从生态环境规划、法制管理、整治措施、应用基础研究等方面对我国当前煤矿区生态环境整治工作中存在的问题进行了全面的分析，并提出了适应我国国情的煤矿区生态环境综合整治对策。

Based on some reported statistical data, this paper summarizes the general conditions of the eco-environment in coal mining areas in China. The general characteristics of the eco environment in coal mining areas in China are also concluded. It is pointed out that there exist three kinds of antinomies on this issue: 1) region with large extent of coal exploitation owning large population but little cultivated land in northern China; 2) region rich in coal resources but with fragile ecosystem in northwestern China; 3) dispersion of coal exploitation with heavy pollution in the broad southern China. The major existing problems on the management of the eco environment in the coal mining areas in China are as follows: 1) irrational distribution of mining areas and absence of rational eco environmental planning; 2) inperfections in policy and law; 3) passive and unitary conditions in the management of eco environment; 4) uncontrollable expolitation of the small coalpits; 5) deficiency in research, which results in the blindness in the management. 5 strategies are put forward on the comprehensive management of the eco environment in coal mining areas in China: 1) adjusting the industrial structure in order to strengthen the economy of mining areas and ensure ecological management and restoration with economical development; 2) setting up experimentations and demonstrations in various regions in China; 3) carrying out land reclamation and waste utilization; 4) extending clean coal technology; 5) accelerating the establishing speed of environmental policies and laws.