塔里木盆地浮尘时空分布及对环境影响的研究

THE STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FLOATING DUSTS IN THE TARIM BASIN AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT

根据塔里木盆地周边２２个气象台站３０ａ浮尘日数资料和塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地４个短期定位站实测浮尘日数资料，综合分析了盆地与沙漠浮尘的时空分布特征，结果表明：①塔里木盆地浮尘年平均日数在４０ｄ以上，塔克拉玛干沙漠浮尘年平均达８０ｄ以上，居中国各地之首，其中和田年平均浮尘日数达２３２ｄ，１９８５年记录极值３０４ｄ；②盆地浮尘集中于春夏季节出现，平均可占全年的７２．６％；③８０年代以来盆地除和田、喀什、轮台呈增多趋势外，普遍呈减少趋势。文中还探讨了盆地浮尘形成的原因，阐述了浮尘对盆地环境和人类的影响，并对浮尘灾害防御提出了建议措施。

In this paper,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of floating dust was analyzed from the 30 years floating dust data at 22 weather stations around the Tarim Basin and a short-term data observed at 4 stations in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert. The results show:(1) the annual mean days with floating dust is more than 40 days around the Tarim Basin, and more than 80 days in the Taklimakan Desert, which is the highest value in China. For example, the annual mean days with floating dust is 232 days in Hotan, having the maximum value of 304 days in 1985.(2) the most of floating dusts concentrates in Spring and Summer, it accounts for 72.6% of annual total amount.(3) the floating dusts have generally decreased since 1980s, except for Hotan, Kashgar, and Luntai. The paper also discussed the reasons of floating dust formation, and has clarified the effects of floating dusts on environment and human being,and has given some suggestions against floating dust disasters.