城乡移民与社会流动

Urban and Rural Immigrants and Social Mobility

本文基于第五次人口普查数据和2002年流动人口调查数据,考查了当前中国社会的城乡移民规模、移民方式和特征,以及移民的社会流动。本文的结论是,中国的城乡人口流动在很大程度上表现为劳动力流动而非移民运动,来自乡村的流动人口在城市中遭遇了多种形式的社会排斥和社会隔绝,使他们很难在城市中定居下来,融入城市社会生活,从而完成移民过程。但另一方面,流动人口通过城乡移民过程还是实现了一定程度的社会经济地位的改变———收入提高和职业地位上升只是由于社会隔绝壁桑的作用,农村移民所能获得的上升劝机会较少,上升流动的空间和渠道狭窄。

Based on the fifth population census and the survey of floating population in 2002, the paper examines the scale, modes and characteristics of urban and rural immigration as well as the social mobility of immigrants. The paper draws the conclusion that the flow of Chinese urban and rural population does not embed immigration, but the flow of labor force. The floating population from the countryside encounters various forms of social discrimination and social isolation so that they have great difficulty settling down in cities and living there. But on the other hand, the floating population has changed the socio- economic status to a large extent-income increase and professional promotion, although the chances of promotion are slim due to social isolation.