天朝的南端——嘉靖三十二年(1553年)前后北京外城商业活动与城市格局

Southern End of the Celestial-Commercial Activity and Urban Pattern of the Outer City of Beijing before and after the 32^(nd) Year of Jiajing Reign(Year 1553)

以明代嘉靖三十二年(1553年)修建北京外城为标志,由元大都至明永乐的北京帝都发生了较大的变化,其中,天朝南端商业活动的繁荣对城市格局的改变非常关键。论文主要从历史维度的三个方面进行探讨:一．嘉靖三十二年(1553年)年修建外城以前天朝南端的城市格局和活动:二．嘉靖三十二年至嘉靖四十三年(1553—1564年)修建外城的必然性和偶然性:三．外城完成后的商业活动对城市格局的影响。进一步地,论文在结语中阐述城市边缘交通的便捷性、商业活动的弹性、商业人群的多元性、商业管理的多样性等,对帝都城市格局变化过程和完善的影响和渗透作用,从而从一个侧面加强了对帝都北京城的理解。

There existed a remarkable changes of Beijing built from Yuan Dynasty to Ming Yongle Reign marked by the outer city built in the 32nd Year of Jiajing Reign of the Ming Dynasty （Year 1553）. In these changes, the commercial activities rise in the southern end of the celestial had crucial impact to the shift of the urban pattern. The paper discussed three issues by the historical dimension, Ⅰ, Urban pattern and activities in the southern end of the celestial of Beijing before the construction of the outer city in the 32nd Year of Jiajing Reign （Year 1553）; Ⅱ, The necessity and contingency of the construction of outer city from the 32nd to the 43rd Year of Jiajing Reign （Year 1553-I 564）; III, Effect of commercial activities on the urban pattern after the outer city was completed. Furthermore, the convenient traffic on the urban fringe and the elasticity of commercial activities, the diversity of the commercial population and the variety of the commercial management, those in the periphery of the city, their impact and infiltration to the evolution and formation of urban pattern in imperial Beijing were expounded in the paper. The conclusions would like to enhance the understandings to the imperial Beijing by one vision.