对外汉语教学中相近表达式的用法研究——以形容词AABB重叠式和“很+形容词”为例

A Study of Near-synonymy Expressions in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

汉语中存在着大量的意义相近的表达式,外国学生在汉语学习中常常会用简单熟悉的表达式代替复杂陌生的表达式,从而回避使用某个表达式或者出现使用错误。形容词AABB重叠式和"很+形容词"的区别在于:形容词AABB重叠式的主要句法功能是作状语,基本语法意义是表示事物或行为的生动鲜明的状态,具有描写性;"很+形容词"结构的主要句法功能是作谓语,基本语法意义是表示事物或行为的性质达到了充足的量,具有评价性。因此在教学上应该突出形容词重叠式的意义和功能,丰富练习形式,并增加语段和语篇的练习。

There are a lot of expressions that share similar meanings in Chinese; but foreign students tend to use simple and familiar rather than complex ones so as to avoid mistakes. Of the numerous near-synonymous expressions, the overseas students are far from clear about the differences between the AABB adjectives and ＂hen （very） ＋ adjectives＂ patterns; and the academic circle has never touched upon this issue so far. And the present study reports their differences in grammatical function and meaning. To be specific, the chief syntactic function of the AABB adjective pattern is Adverbial, and the basic grammatical meaning lies in their descriptivity： denoting the vivid and arresting state of the things or behaviours in question. And the main syntactic function of the ＂hen ＋ adjective＂ form is Predicate, which has evaluative meaning, namely, expressing the enough quantity amounted to. Accordingly, the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language should emphasize their alternative grammatical functions and meanings in terms of the form practice, particularly from the perspective of passage and discourse.