城市居民心理压力管理行为的分析

Cognitive and behavioral strategies of stress management among Chinese urban residents

目的了解城市居民心理压力管理行为及与心理压力的关系。方法样本来自于杭州、广州、重庆和太原4个城市的多阶段抽样。资料以家庭访问调查得到。压力使用中文版知觉压力量表(CPSS)来测量。从3880份问卷中得到3679份 CPSS 测量合格问卷,压力管理策略包括认知和行为策略,前者分为积极的、中性的和消极的三方面,后者分为寻求支持、释放和转移、放松和分散3种。进行使用频数和知觉效果两方面的评估。多元分析用于检验各种压力管理策略与压力的关系。结果全样本 CPSS 均值为24.22,标准差为5.81。健康危险性压力(HRS)率为44.54%(95% CI:42.90%～46.12%)。多元分析显示积极的和中性认知策略中的"随缘"的具有显著的减缓压力的效果,其他的则无作用。行为策略中,除了寻求社会支持外,其他的都具有显著的减少压力的效果。结论这些有效的压力管理策略可以作为制定压力管理方案的依据。

Objective To identify the effective stress management strategies among the Chinese. Methods The sample was selected from Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chongqing and Taiyuan by using a multistage sampling procedure, including 3679 subjects. The data were collected using the household interviewing survey method. The Chinese perceived stress scales （CPSS） measured stress. Stress management strategies included the cognitive and behavioral ones, the former were further divided into positive, neutral and negative ones and the latter were divided into three kinds, i. e. looking for support , liberating and displacing, and relaxing and detracting. The frequency of their usage and their perceived effectiveness were assessed . Multivariable analysis was used to examine the association between various stress management strategies and stress. Results The prevalence of health risk stress（HRS） was 44.54% （95%CI：42.90% -46. 12%）o Among the cognitive strategies, all the positive strategies and one of neutral strategies （ ＂Suiyuan＂ ） were associated with lower HRS, and the rest of them had no effects. Among the behavioral strategies, all were associated with lower HRS except that of looking for support. Conclusion The effective stress management strategies identified in this study might be used to develop a stress management program.