地铁站勤务人员个体噪声暴露的监测与分析

Measurement and analysis of personal noise exposure in a city metro

目的采用个体噪声暴露测量方法,了解地铁站勤务人员噪声暴露的水平和特点,为地铁站勤务人员的噪声职业危害控制提供依据。方法以城市地铁某线路6个站点的4类岗位勤务人员为对象,用记录式噪声个体计量仪对地铁运行时间段内各岗位勤务人员进行个体噪声暴露测量。结果城市地铁站的现场复杂,噪声源数量多、不稳定。在受检的48名勤务人员中,车站机房岗位的工作班内加权平均等效 A 声级(LAeq)水平最高为(81.8±2.5)dB(A),车站控制岗位班内加权平均 LAeq 最低为(68.7±1.8)dB(A);车站厅巡岗位班内加权平均 LAeq 水平极差最大为8.1 dB(A),车站控制岗位班内加权平均 LAeq 水平极差最小为4.0dB(A)。结论地铁站勤务人员个体噪声暴露极不均一,用个体噪声暴露测量方法能较灵敏、完整地反映地铁站勤务人员的复杂噪声暴露状况。

Objective To measure and analyze the personal noise exposure of city metro station workers by using noise dosimeter. Methods According to job category and work type, all workers were divided into 4 groups. The workers from each group were selected as subjects for personal noise exposure measurement. CEL-320 dosimeters were worn by each subject and noise data collected by a phone fixed at collar. All subjects were asked to take notes about their working activities when they were wearing CEL-320 dosimeters. Each worker＇ s one workday LAeq, geometric mean and range of each group were computed. Results There were many noise sources in the metro station, and the noise exposure was unstable. The varieties of personal noise levels were recorded among 48 workers, the highest LAeq work type was of the instrument room, （81.8 ~ 2. 5 ） dB （ A）, and the biggest LAeq rang was of the hall, 8.1 dB （A）. The lowest LAeq was of the station control room （68. 7 -＋ 1.8） dB （A） and the lowest LAeq rang also was there, 4. 0 dB （A）. Conclusion The personal noise exposure of metro station should be implicated. Measuring personal noise exposure individually with dosimeters might obtain the noise exposure level more integrally in the complicated environment.