从汉语借词看汉族文化对维吾尔文化的影响

From Chinese Loanwords Looking at the Influence of the Chinese Culture on the Uygur Culture

自古以来,汉族文化对维吾尔有着深远的影响。汉代对西域的影响、唐代对回鹘的影响以及元、明、清对畏兀儿的影响均属于此类。解放之后,随着维吾尔与汉族人民的关系的进一步发展,维吾尔人民引进了为数不少的汉语借词。这些借词来自于文学、舞蹈、逻辑学、种族学、解剖学、林业、物理、生理学、法律、考古学、地质学、美术、心理学、哲学、商业、水利学、政治经济学、动物学、宗教、化学、地理、语言、体育、历史、医学、植物学、建筑学、生物学、气象学、数学、印刷术、音乐、军事、戏剧、交通运输、食品、服饰和财产等二十多种学科门类。其中,汉语言文字、文学艺术、宗教、饮食和服饰等借词较多,这说明这些领域对维吾尔文化的影响颇深。

Since the ancient times, the Han Nationality culture has profound influence on the Uygur culture. The influence of Han Dynasty on western region, the influence of Tang Dynasty on HuiHu as well as the influence of Yuan, Ming and Ching on Uigur are of the same kind. After liberation, along with the further development of the relation between the Uygur and Han nationality, the Uygur people has introduced a large number of Chinese loanwords, which come from the areas of literature, dance, logic, race study, anatomy, forestry, physics, physiology, law, archaeology, geology, fine arts, psychology, philosophy, trade, water conservation study, political economy, zoology, religion, chemistry, geography, language, sports, history, medicine, botany, architecture, biology, meteorology, mathematics, printing method, music, military affairs, play, transportation, food, clothing, property and so on, over 20 disciplines and classes. Among them, more loanwords are from the language of Han nationality, literary arts, religion, diet, clothing and so on, which shows that the Uygur culture has been deeply influenced in these areas.