香菇交配型基因的遗传研究——Ⅱ香菇孢子单核体和原生质单核体形态与生化性状上的差异

The Genetic Research on Mating Type Genes of Lentinula edodes——Ⅱ Morphological and Biochemical Characteristic Differences between Sporulated Monokaryon and Protoplasted Monokaryon

本文以香菇1号菌株的孢子单核体和原生质单核体为材料,用统计学方法对两类单核体的菌丝生长速度和羧甲基纤维素酶活性进行分析,并采用平均连锁聚类方法对酯酶同工酶图谱进行聚类,从交配型角度探讨了不同来源的两类单核体在形态和生化性状上的差异。结果表明:孢子单核体和原生质单核体在菌落形态、菌丝生长速度和羧甲基纤维素酶三个性状上表现出相同的差异趋势,在同一种交配型的个体间,孢子单核体的变异系数明显大于原生质单核体,在酯酶同工酶电泳图谱这一性状上,用聚类方法可以将绝大多数单核体归入所属的交配型范围内。这两类单核体具有的不同表型与它们的不同来源有密切的联系,有性世代中复杂的遗传行为导致孢子单核体中性状出现较大的变异,而作为无性后代的原生质单核体则表现出性状相对稳定的特征,这两类单核体表现出的差异为香菇的遗传和育种研究提供了重要的基础材料。

The mycelium growth rate, CMCase activity and esterase isoenzyme electrophoret-ogram of sporulated monokaryon and protoplasted monokaryon of Lentinula edodes strain No. 1 were analysed by statistics and UPGMA resp., while the differences in morphological and biochemical characteristics between two kinds of monokaryon were also investigated as viewed from the mating type. The results indicated that the difference tendency of sporulated monokaryon and protoplasted monokaryon in colony morphology, mycelium growth rate and CMCase activity was almost the same. The diversity coefficient of sporulated monokaryon with the same mating type was significantly greater than that of the protoplasted monokaryon. Most monokaryon could be classified to their mating types by UPGMA on the characteristic of the esterase isoenzyme electrophoretogram. Significant variation in the characteristics among sporulated monokaryon individuals were caused by complex genetic characters in generative progeny, while protoplasted monokaryon, as vegetative progeny, showed relative genetic stability. The differences between protoplasted monokaryon and sporulated monokaryon provided important material for genetic and breeding study.