黄淮海棉区棉麦两熟光能流与物质流研究 Ⅲ 麦棉共生期复合群体作物层温度分布与总积温

Researches on the Flow of Light Energy and Substance in Cotton and Wheat under a Double Cropping System in the Huanghuaihai Cotton Growing Area III The Temperature Distribution and Total Cumulative Temperature in Growth Strata of the Cotton Wheat Compo

田间试验于１９９４／１９９５、１９９５／１９９６年采用满播小麦、一熟棉花和麦棉两熟不同配置方式４种处理研究了共生期麦棉复合群体作物层温度分布和总积温。结果表明，不同熟制、麦棉复合群体不同配置方式作物层温度垂直和水平方向廓线不同。与一熟棉花相比，共生期５２ｄ不同群体近地面作物层日平均温度２ａ显著低，依次是：满播小麦低７．２和４．６℃ｄ－１、３—１式麦带低５．６和４．１℃ｄ－１、４—２式麦带低５．５和３．４℃ｄ－１、３—１式棉带低２．９和２．９℃ｄ－１，４—２式棉带南行低２．８和２．４℃ｄ－１、４—２式棉带北行低２．６和１．６℃ｄ－１；共生期５２ｄ近地面作物层≥１５℃积温亏缺顺序是：满播小麦群体（－３７２．９和－２４１．２℃·ｄ）＞３—１式配置（－２３１．５和－１８４．６℃·ｄ）＞４—２式配置（－１８９．２和－１２８．７℃·ｄ）。不同复合群体温度日较差大小的顺序是：一熟地（２０．６℃ｄ－１）＞４—２式北行（１９．６℃ｄ－１）＞４—２式南行（１９．１℃ｄ－１）＞３—１式（１７．９℃ｄ－１）。共生期间温度日较差达到２０℃，有利于棉花培育早壮苗，唯４－２式棉带北行棉花趋于一熟棉花。本研究揭示出麦棉复合群体的低热量胁迫?

In 1994￣95 and 1995￣96 researches were made on the temperature distribution and total cumulative temperature in the growth strata of the cotton wheat compound population in the co growing period in four kinds of fields:fully sown wheat,monocultured cotton field and cotton wheat double cropping field,adopting different planting patterns. Results showed that the horizontal and vertical profiles of temperature in the growth strata of above mentioned population are different. Compared to the temperature on the growth stratum near the ground surface in two years,the average daily temperature in the fully sown wheat population and that in the cotton wheat compound population are significantly lower in the following order :fully sown wheat lower 7.2 and 4.6℃d 1 , wheat belt in 3-1 planting pattern lower 5.6 and 4.1℃d 1 ,wheat belt in 4-2 planting pattern lower 5.5 and 3.4℃d 1 ,cotton belt in 3-1 planting pattern lower 2.9 and 2.9℃d 1 ,south row of cotton belt in 4-2 planting pattern lower 2.8 and 2.4℃d,north row of cotton belt in 4-2 planting pattern lower 2.6and 1.6℃d 1 .The insufficiency of the ≥15℃ cumulatibe temperature in the growth stratum near the ground surface is the following order: 372.9 and 241.2℃·d for fully sown wheat > 231.5 and-184.6℃·d for the compound population in 3 1 planting pattern> 198.8 and -128.7℃·d for the compound population in 4-2 planting pattern. The daily range of temperature in co growing period is 20℃,faciltating the vigorous growth of the early cotton seedlings. Only the cotton in north row of the cotton belt in 4-2 planting pattern has a growth tendency like that of the monocultured cotton. Research results showed that the cotton wheat compound population are in a low heat stressed circumstance ,and are main reasons of leading to late growth in the seeding of the intereropped cotton. So the choice of 4-2 planting pattern will ease or mitigate the low stress in the co growing period.