恒河猴主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的多态性研究概述

Summary of Genetic Polymorphisms Studies on Major Histocompatibility Complex of Macaca mulatta

恒河猴是应用最广泛的非人灵长类实验动物,其MHC基因是一个庞大的与免疫功能密切相关的基因群(也称为Mamu基因),在进化过程形成了Mamu基因不同的存在状态,使得不同个体的Mamu基因在数量和功能上有所差异,同时有些个体还产生了特异性的MHC基因,它的多态性和免疫反应的复杂性相对应。因此,恒河猴MHC多态性的研究,有助于生物科学的发展及指导以恒河猴为动物模型的各种实验。本文主要阐述了恒河猴Mamu基因的结构和功能,以及部分MHC等位基因与疾病的关系,并简要描述了中国恒河猴特异性的MHC基因。

The Major histocompatibility complex （MHC） of Macaca mulatta, also called Mamu antigen,is a gene cluster directly related to immune response. Evolution creates the highly polymorphic nature of the MHC genes, and this leads to changes in the number as well as the function of these genes in individual Macaca mulatta, and even the emergence of species-specific genes. Study on the genetic polymorphisms of Mamu is good to the development of biological disciplines and various experiments with Macaca mulatta as animal model. In this paper we described the features of Mamu genes and their correlations with diseases, and also partially emphasized on the characteristics of specific Mamu genes in Chinese Macaca mulatta.