淀粉接枝共聚丙烯酸型超强吸水剂的快速合成研究

Study on rapid synthesis of starch-graft-acrylic acid SAP

用过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合方法,使淀粉接枝共聚丙烯酸(单体)经一步快速合成出固体超强吸水剂.考察了交联剂用量、引发剂用量、单体中和度、淀粉的用量及其理化状态、共聚合温度等对产品的吸水率的影响.结果表明,当淀粉的用量为26%,交联剂用量为0.06%(占丙烯酸单体的质量分数),引发剂的用量为0.08%,丙烯酸的中和度为48%(丙烯酸占丙烯酸钠的摩尔分数)时,该吸水剂在1 min内可完全吸水膨胀,吸蒸馏水率最大为1300 mL/g,且具有优良的保水性能.

Using potassium persulfate and N,N＇-methylene-bis-acrylamide （MBA） as initiator and cross-linker agent respectively,a solid SAP was in one step prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid and starch as the raw materials. The effects of the amount of cross-linker and initiator, neutralization of acrylic acid, the weight ratio of starch to acrylic acid, physical state and copolymerization temperature on water absorbency （WA） were studied. When the amount of stareh-to-acrylic acid is 26%, MBA is 0.06%, initiator is 0.08 ,and neutralization degree is 48%, this SAP is capable of absorbing distilled water up to 1 300 ml./g and has excellent performance of water retention as well under the ootimal condition.