改良与革命两难间:梁启超参悟近代史发展规律——兼评自近代以来的改良与革命之争

In a Dilemma of Reform and Revolution:Liang Qichao Perceived the Modern History Law of Development——Comment on Controversy of Reform and Revolution since Modern Era

近代社会客观地本能地同时存在两种需要、两种发展趋向,即改良与革命,它们是交织在一起是可以统一的。梁启超在改良与革命之间反复,已经隐约感悟到上述的两种需要;但他更偏重于改良,对两种历史需要的理解有失偏颇。民初他主张在共和制下实行开明专制,无意间,已经找到了中国近代史两种需要的统一方式:先革命,在先进国体的外壳下,进行改良,实行符合社会历史条件的制度。在改良与革命的两难之间,梁启超已隐约参悟了中国近代史的发展规律。

The modern society had two kinds of needs and trends instinctly , simultaneously and objectively,the reform and the revolution, which were interwoven in the same place and may be unified. Through the relapse of reform and revolution, Liang Qichao became aware of the two kinds of need indistinctly; But he stressed in the reform, the understanding of the two kinds of historical needs were biased. In the early period of the Republic of China , he advocated enlightened despotic under the republican system, and he had already found unified ways of the two needs of Chinese modern history that revolution was carried on first, under the advanced state system , reform was carried on and system conformed to the social history conditions was implemented. In a dilemma of reform and revolution, Liang Qichao perceived the modern history law of development.