“德治”到“法治”:哲学家的理想和无奈——柏拉图治国理想变化原因透视

From Rule of Morality to Rule of Law:Philosopher's Dilemma——An Analysis on Reasons of Changes of Platos Political Ideal

柏拉图是西方古希腊哲学史上的大哲学家之一,他开创了西方哲学史上研究政治哲学的先河,他的“德治”或“哲学王”治国的思想给后人留下许多美好的遐想;早期他由于受到良好的家庭教育和环境熏陶,使他心中存有一腔报国之志,决意创建“理想”之国;现实的严酷却粉碎了他的理想之梦,他意识到要达到治理国家的理想目的,必须辅之以“法治”的帮助;而以“德”治国又是他一生之中永远不愿撒手的理想情结,故辅以“法治”时又把认识善的理念之“德”置于法律之上,这就充分表现了哲学家的理想与现实、理论与实践的无奈心境。作为后人,我们应该从柏拉图身上吸取和学习他那对治国理想的不懈的实践追求精神。

Plato is one of the greatest philosophers in ancient Greek in the western world and he created the first political-philosophy in the philosophical history. In the early times,for his advanced education, Plato was determined to set up his ideal country. After his dream was smashed, he realized that governing a country with only morality couldn＇t work and rule of law was quite necessary. And when he grew older, he had always been immersed morality and thought that rule of morality was better than law. He thus was in dilemma on those viewpoints of ideal and reality, theory and practice. What we should learn from him is his seeking for moral governing all the time.