安徽省繁昌、铜陵两县门诊抗生素使用分析

The Analysis of Antibiotics Utilization in the Outpatient Service at Fanchang and Tongling Counties in Anhui Province

在安徽省繁昌与铜陵两县2532名门诊病人访问中,抗生素的使用比例平均为53.l％,抗生素使用种数平均为0.75种,针剂使用比例平均为48.4％,与其他国家的研究结果相比都处于偏高水平。在抗生素使用的种类中,以青霉素类为主,占所有抗感染药物的27.7％。单因素分析结果表明:男性的抗生素使用比例比女性高;随着年龄的增长抗生素使用比例、使用种数与针剂使用比例都是先下降而后上升;学生病人这三种指标都偏高;随着文化水平的提高,这三种指标都有下降的倾向;医疗保险病人抗生素使用比例处于高水平,而自费病人针剂使用比例最高;与乡镇卫生院及村卫生室相比,县医院这三种指标都处于低水平;而儿科病人这三种指标都处于高水平。多因素分析结果表明:县医院、去医院的目的是看病、教育程度、农民、妇产科、文教卫生人员、外科、预防接种及离、退休人员等因素对抗生素使用的数量都有影响,但仅看病这项因素是正向作用,而其他因素都是负向作用。

In the 2532 exit interview outpatients at rangchang and longhng counties in Annul province, 53. 1% of them were prescribed antibiotics, the average number of antibiotics per encounter was 0. 75 and 48.4% of outpatients with antibiotics were prescribed injections. Compared to other study results in the world, our results were little higher, penicillin was the most used drug, its ratio was 27.7% in the all antibiotics. The results of single factor analysis showed that the male antibiotic use ratio (patients prescribed antibiotics/total patients) was higher than female's; as the increase of age, the antibiotics use ratio, average number and the injection ratio (patients prescribed injection antibiotics/patients prescribed antibiotics) decreased first and increased later;student patients had a little higher level in the three indicators j as the increase of education years, the three indicators decreased; the antibiotics use ratio in the insured patients was the highest and the injection ratio in the user fees patients was the highest; the three indicators in county hospital were lowest and in the department of paediatrics were the highest. Multi - variate analysis showed that county hospital, for disease, education, farmer, department of gynaecology and obstetrics, teacher and health worker, surgical department, immunization and retired people had the effects on the average number of antibiotics per encounter, only for disease' had positive effect, all of others had negative effects.