试析伊斯兰教主要教派早期的政治思想

On the Early Political Thoughts of Main Islamic Schools

伊斯兰各教派中,哈瓦利吉派和什叶派最具政治色彩。先知穆罕默德归真后,围绕政权归属问题,两派相继提出过自己的观点。哈瓦利吉派的观点和行为比较激进,后由于种种原因,较早地退出了历史舞台;什叶派则在发展过程中,形成了自己的伊玛目理论。伊玛目存在的必须性、合法性以及权威性构成了什叶派参与政治的理论基础。

In all Islamic schools, Khavarij and Shiah have the most distinctive political features. After Muhammad passed away, the two schools advanced their own viewpoints about regime belongings one after another. The viewpoints and behaviors of Khavarij are more radical. It withdrew from historical stage earlier owing to some reasons. In the developing period of Shiah, it formed its own Imam theory. The necessity, legitimacy and authority of Imam constitute the theoretical basis for Shiah to take part in the political affairs.