沈德潜在“诗教”原则下对唐诗的历史定位

Confirming Tang poetry's historical position under the principle "educating by poetry"

沈德潜一生于唐诗用力甚多,唐诗在其诗学理论中占有重要地位。沈德潜重视诗歌史的梳理,也特别注重各时代诗歌所具有的"诗教"之用。唐诗是他对诗歌史进行溯源辨流的起点,也是其考察诗道兴衰的关结点。通过对诗歌史源流正变的清理,沈德潜将唐诗在诗歌自然流变史中的地位和其在诗道兴衰史中的地位结合在了一起进行考察。在诗歌的自然流变中,唐诗虽然处于诗歌发展之流,但又是诗歌之盛;在"诗教"传统中,它又传承了诗教之正。因此,在沈德潜的诗学体系中,唐诗获得了崇高的诗史定位。

In his life-long study of poetics, Shen Deqian paid special attention to the educational effect of poetry in different historical epochs. Tang poetry was his starting point in his inspection of the source and course of Chinese poetry, and was also the junction in his historical observation of the rise and fall of poetic writing. Seen from the two aspects together, though Tang poetry was not the source but was in the course of the stream, but at the same time was in the high of the course. And, Tang poetry was cardinal in the tradition of educating by poetry. Therefore Tang poetry holds a high position in Shen＇s system.