坚硬岩石在强冲击荷载作用近区的性状研究

Characters near strong impact loading zone in hard rock

根据坚硬岩石的性质,利用力学模型分析了在冲击荷载作用下的岩石破坏过程,经由弹性状态向内摩擦状态的转变,最终达到流体力学状态。通过对内摩擦状态的分析,认为在强冲击荷载区域的变形近似为一维变形状态。冲击荷载作用在岩石中产生的应力波可以看作类似于冲击波的短波,在波阵面附近的某个狭窄区域内将发生参数的急剧变化。根据近区变形状态与质量守恒导出了侵彻近区的速度场表达式。根据短波的研究,给出了近区应力波的衰减规律。

The process of rock failure under impact loading was analyzed with mechanics model and the dynamic behavior was described according to hard rock characters. The stress state transfered from elastic state to intrinsic friction state, finally liquid hydrodynamics state. Based on analysis of intrinsic friction state, the deformation near impact loading in rock is similar to one-dimension at deformation near strong impact loading zone. The stress wave from the loading can be regarded as short-wave which is similar to shock wave. Characteristics of the short-wave have sharp varieties in a cabined zone near wave front. According to the stress and the deformation state of rock near the strong impact loading zone, the velocity field was deduced by use of conservation relation of mass. Based on shortwave theory, the stress wave attenuation rule in rock near the strong impact loading was gained.