马来西亚华人社会的语言生活和认同结构——以问卷调查为基础的分析

On the Language Life and Identity of Ethnic Chinese in Malaysia: An Analysis Based on Questionnaire

为了客观反映马来西亚华人在语言和认同等领域的现状,采用问卷调查的方法,通过基本数据材料的分析,探讨了当今马来西亚吉隆坡、古晋、吧巴和诗巫等地的华人认同情况。在语言方面,华人子弟在小学阶段大致打好华语基础,同时保持华人认同。在日常生活中,华语和华人方言的使用占优势,但在商业和职业范围,马来语和英语的使用率有所增加。经济生活方面,华人发扬了传统的奋斗精神,贡献于国民经济的发展。政治认同方面,华人对马来西亚的认同,远远高于对中国等其它对象的认同。结果显示:华人既保持华人性而又能动地适应国民规范;华人以民族语言维持传统文化的族群社会功能,扮演着国家社会发展的重要角色,在这一过程中,华人形成了本身的“华人文化圈”并进一步孕育着华人文化的发展与创新。

In order to reflect the situation of language and identity of ethnic Chinese in Malaysia, this paper illustrates the identity of ethnic Chinese in Kuala Lumpur, Kuchin, Bapar, and Shibu based on a questionnaire. As for language, Chinese children develop their basic ability of Chinese Mandarin and Chinese keep their racial identity at the level of primary school. In daily life, the use of Chinese Mandarin and their dialects are dominant, but in the sphere of business, the use of Malay language and English increases. In economic life, ethnic Chinese have carried on the traditional spirit, and contributed to the development of Malaysian national economy. In political aspect, they identify themselves with Malaysia far more than China. According to the research, ethnic Chinese in Malaysia are not only keeping their Chineseness but also successfully becoming nationals of Malaysia. They are maintaining the function of traditional values by the Chinese language and playing an important role in the socio-economic development of the country. In this Course ethnic Chinese have developed their own ＂cultural sphere＂, yet more possibility of their own cultural creation.