析德里达的友谊政治学

On Derrida's Politics of Friendship

后期德里达一般认为历经了一个“政治学转向”,其中《友谊政治学》可视为这个转向的代表作。友谊政治学的核心是解构“博爱”(fraternit),揭示其希腊语境中兄弟义气的语境,以及博爱这样一种作为西方政治学基础的自然血统实际上何以是子虚乌有。针对德国政治理论家卡尔·施密特以分清敌友为政治学前提的观点,德里达指出后冷战时代敌人消失之后西方政治学迷失方向,是为各种错位移位提供了可能。而德里达的“款待”和“民主”思想,是再一次呼应了《马克思的幽灵》中提出的“新国际”思想。

It generally holds that Den-ida experiences a ＂political turn＂ in his late period, and his Polities of Friendship stands for a most significant place it. This paper discusses, however, why Derrida＇s deeonstruetion of ＂fraternity＂ reveals that the natural bloodline of Western polities based upon brotherhood is but a utopian illusion. And against Carl Sehimitt＇s position that the condition of any polities is the distinction between enemies and friends, why Den-ida insists instead that displacement shall provide multiple possibilities in the post cold war era. Finally, the paper claims that Den-ida＇s thonghts on ＂entertainment＂ and ＂democracy＂ once again reiterates the ＂new international＂ in his Specters of Marx.