德汉“谓语”句法项对比研究

Comparative Research of "Predicate" in German and Chinese

无论是汉语还是德语,都有“谓语”这一句法项(这里排除在交际场合中的独词句)。然而德汉两个民族对于谓语的理解及其运用并不完全相同:德语的谓语由动词承担,整个句子以动词谓语为核心构成一个严密的空间结构体;在汉语中,除了动词,谓语也可以由其他非动词的词类来担任,而且汉语属于孤立语,没有屈折语德语那样丰满的形态变化,不可能建立起以动词为核心的句型模式。因此我们在学习德语以及进行翻译时,要注意到谓语在两种语言中的差异,须用目的语言的谓语使用规则构建符合该民族认知心理以及思维模式的句型。

This article discusses the different utilization of the ＂predicate＂ in the Chinese and German language from syntactic perspective. The German predicate consists of verb, which determines as kernel the whole sentence structure, while the Chinese predicate can be non-verb words and produces quiet different sentence form German. To know the differences of predicate utilization and sentence structures between two languages is very meaningful for German-learning and bilingual translation.