黑龙江省东部山区养渔业与森林生态环境的关系

RELATION BETWEEN THE FISH CULTURE IN THE EASTERN AREAS OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE AND FOREST ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

为充分利用林区的自然资源,1986—1987年先后在帽儿山实验林场和依兰县先锋林场进行了养鱼试验,经过120天的饲养期,鱼产量在帽儿山为3094.5kg/ha,在先锋为1882.5kg/ha。 林区水资源丰富,水质稳定;水的pH值偏低,多为软水,水中营养盐类贫乏。用石灰清塘可使pH值由6.5升至8.3。施肥可促进浮游生物的增殖,藻类的优势种为隐藻,浮游动物为近邻剑水蚤。灯光诱虫既能使鲤鱼生长明显加快,又能除去部分森林害虫。林区水体污染较轻,故家养鱼类病害也较少。 在帽儿山、鱼的增重倍数为5.33,饵料系数为2.14;在先锋则分别为7.68和1.35。由于鲤鱼适应低温环境,所以长势较鲢鳙鱼为好。在帽儿山鲤鱼平均重0.31kg,在先锋则为0.40kg。 林区宜主养鲤鱼,也应放养草食和腐食性的鱼类,以充分利用水体中的生态位。

In order to take advantage of natural resource of forestry regions, the test of fishery culture was carried out tentatively at the Maoershan Experiment Station and at the Xianfeng Forest Farm from 1986 to 1987. Through 120 days of aquaculture, the output is 3094. 5 kg/ha at Maoershan and 2025 kg/ha at Xianfeng. The resource of fresh water in forest is aboundant, water quality is steady and pH value is low, lacks of nutritive salts in water. Using lime to draw into the ponds, pH value raised from 6.5 to 8.3, fertilizer are used to make plankton multiply very magnitude. The dominant of algae is Cryptomonas and Zooplankton is Cyclops vicinus. Lamp light can make carp grow fast and get rid off pest insects. As far as Carp Put up with the low temperature and grow well than salver Carp's. The average weight of Carp is 0.3kg in Maoershan and 0.40 kg in Xianfeng. In order to make fully used of the niche of freshwater ecosystems, the culture rate of Carp should be increased and the scavenger and grass-eaten fish be introduced in and domesticated.