优质抗旱小麦新品种晋麦78号的选育

Breeding of New Winter Wheat Variety Jinmai 78 with High-quality and Drought Resistance

晋麦78号系山西省农业科学院小麦研究所旱地育种研究室以扬麦5号为母本、晋麦50号为父本通过有性杂交选育而成。该品种冬性，中早熟，平均生育期236d。幼苗叶色淡绿，抗寒耐冻，分蘖力强，株型较松散。株高75～80cm，穗长方形，穗粒数28～35粒，千粒重37～41g。具有抗干热风、耐高温、耐旱、落黄好等特点。在山西省南部旱地区试中，平均单产达3666．6kg／hm^2，较对照晋麦47号平均增产6．52％；在生产试验中，平均产量达4165．5kg／hm^2，较对照平均增产7．0％。适宜晋南麦区旱地推广种植。

Jinmai 78, a winter wheat variety with high -quality, drought resistance and high yield, was crossed with Yangmai 5（female）, Jinmai 50（male） through years of selections. The growth period is 236 d, belonging to wintemess and middle - early maturity variety. The leaf of seedling is light green. There are strong tiller, winter resistance and relaxing plant type. The plant height is 75 -80 cm, grains per spike is 28 -35, 1 000 -grain weight is 37 -41g. There are characteristic with dry heat wind resistance, drought resistance and good maturity. The variety got an average yield of 3 666.6 kg/hm^2 at dryland regional tests of the south of Shanxi, which is 6.52% higher than the control variety. The variety got an average yield of 4 165.5 kg/hm^2 at production tests in the year 2005 -2006, which is 7.0% higher than the control variety. It is suitable to cultivate in dry lands in southern of Shanxi.