生成语法理论与主宾语的识别

Identifying the subject and object in generative grammar

主语和宾语是谓词题元结构和句法操作结果的表征,识别主宾语必须从语义和句法两个层面展开。题元关系体现动词和主宾语的语义选择关系,宾语必须受动词题元管辖。功能词类的形态特征核查驱动一切句法操作:T的EPP特征,Tr的格特征必须得到核查,[Spec,TP]为句法层面的主语位置。现代英语中,时态句T的EPP特征强,主语必须显性出现。现代汉语中,T的EPP有强弱之分,允许主语以显性和隐形两种方式出现。

The subject and object are representations of the argument structure and syntactic operations ; hence identification of them should be carried out at the semantic and syntactic levels. Theta relations represent S - selection between V and its subject and object, with the object being theta- governed by V. All syntactic operations are motivated by the morphological ne-essity of the functional categories： among them, EPP feature of T, accusative case feature of Tr must be checked, the derived [Spec, TP] is the subject position. In modern English, the subject must be overt since EPP feature of T is always strong in tensed clauses. In mandarin Chinese, the subject may be either overt or covert, since T has weak and strong forms.