试论内战前美国南部蓄奴经济的赢利性

The Profitability of the Slave-holding Economy in the American Antebellum South

在内战之前的美国南部,奴隶主的蓄奴活动可以从三个方面获得利润。其一,使用奴隶劳动从事商品农作物生产,通过销售农产品获取利润。内战前美国黑人奴隶绝大多数被使用在农业部门,所以这是南部蓄奴经济的首要方面。其二,进行奴隶贸易。奴隶贩子通过贩卖奴隶,奴隶主通过出售奴隶,也是获取利润的重要来源。其三,奴隶主将自己的奴隶外雇给他人,通过收取雇金而获利。从此三个方面看,奴隶主群体的蓄奴活动显然具有赢利性。

In the American antebellum South slaveholders had three sources of Profits. First, and most of all in importance, they had obtained profits through producing staple crop by slave labor. Second, they had had profits by slave trade and slave sales. Third they had got incomes by slave hiring. In most of the antebellum times the Southern slaveholding economy had been in prosperity, thus ensured the profits of slaveholder mass.