重复保险制度的适用与发展——以我国保险法与各国保险法的比较为立场

A Discussion of the Application and Development of Double Insurance——A Comparison Between Chinese Insurance Law and Those of other Countries

在吸纳了各国保险法对重复保险的一般规定的基础上,我国保险法建立了重复保险制度,以防止被保险人利用重复投保而获得不当利益。但是我国的重复保险制度在对恶意重复保险的制裁、善意重复保险的保险责任承担、重复保险对健康保险和伤害保险的适用等问题上,却与各国保险法理论和保险惯例存在着重大差异,致使我国的重复保险制度存在着严重的漏洞。我国的保险立法应当引入恶意复保险理论,使主观具有恶意的投保人所订立的各保险合同均归于无效。至于善意复保险的法律效力,应借鉴连带赔偿主义的立法例。健康保险、伤害保险则属于中间性保险,应当从人身保险中独立出来,适用重复保险规则。

On the basis of absorbing the general provisions of double insurance in other countries, double insurance system was built up in our country, in order to prevent the insured from making use of double insurance to get unjust enrichment. But the big differences in punishment of bad faith double insurance, liability of good faith double insurance and the application of double insurance on health insurance and injury insurance between insurance theo- ry and practice in other countries and those in China, bring a lot of loopholes in our double insurance system. In order to improve our double insurance theory and system, bad faith double insurance should be introduced into our insurance legislation, making all the insurance contracts made by the insured with bad faith invalid. As to the validity of good faith double insurance, we should use the provisions of joint and several indemnification for reference. The middle insurance, such as health insurance and injury insurance, should be separated from life insurance, and double insurance will be applied.