河南省狂犬病流行病学调查

INVESTIGATION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RABIES IN HENAN PROVINCE

[目的]了解河南省狂犬病流行特征,探讨流行因素,提出防制对策。[方法]收集1951～2005年河南省狂犬病疫情资料及1997～2005年狂犬病病例流行病学调查资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行整理和分析。采集疫情活跃地区市售狗脑组织,进行病原学检测和病毒分离。[结果]河南省自建国以来人狂犬病发病共有3次高峰。近年来疫情回升十分明显。1979～2005年共报告人狂犬病3 273例,其中97.8%发生在农村地区。豫南、豫东5市是高发区。狂犬病发病虽无明显季节性,但以温热季节相对较多。病例男多于女,15岁以下少儿及50岁左右人群高发。传染源以犬为主。暴露部位、暴露后处理情况及年龄等因素影响发病。100份狗脑样品,IFAT阳性6份,ELISA阳性5份,PCR扩增阳性10份。分离出狂犬病毒4株。[结论]应做好犬只的管理和免疫。在农村地区广泛开展狂犬病健康教育,增强群众自我保护意识,提高暴露后伤口正确处理率、疫苗接种率。采取综合措施加强狂犬病防制工作。

[ Objective] To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies and the risk factors in Henan and provide measures for the prevention and control of rabies in the future. [Methods] The data of rabies from 1951 to 2005 in Henan were collected and analyzed by statistical software. The dog brains collected in Henan were tested and the lyssa virus was isolated from the samples. [ Results] 3 peaks of incidence occurred in the past 55 years. The incidence increased rapidly in recent years. 3 273 cases were reported from 1979 to 2005, of which 97.8% occurred in rural areas. The 5 districts in the south and east of Henan province were the main incidence areas. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of human rabies among seasons but more cases occurred in summer and autumn.Male cases were more than female cases. There were more eases in the age-group below 15 and between 40 and 60. Canine （dog especially） was the main infection resource. Site of bite. treatment after exposure and age were the risk factors. Of the 100 dog brain samples, there were 6 IFAT positive, 5 ELISA positive, and 10 PCR positive. 4 strains of lyssa virus were isolated. [Conclusion] The management and immunity of Canine （dog especially） are as important as health education of rabies in rural areas, which can strengthen the consciousness of selfguard and increase the rates of correct treatment and inoculation after exposure.Multi-measu,＇e is essential for rabies control.