深圳大鹏半岛“风水林”香蒲桃群落特征及物种多样性研究

Characteristics and species dversity of Syzygium odoratum community in Dapeng Pninsula,Shenzhen

根据样方调查,对罕见的大鹏半岛"风水林"香蒲桃群落的区系组成、外貌、群落结构特征和物种多样性进行分析,并与邻近4个地区的森林群落作比较。结果表明,该群落属于南亚热带次生性常绿阔叶林,在1200m2样地中,有维管束植物86种,隶属于44科80属,其中以热带性分布属占明显优势,所占比例为89.33%。群落主要优势种为香蒲桃、乌饭树、银柴、密花树。群落外貌终年常绿,生活型以高位芽为主,占86.05%;通过对优势种群的年龄结构分析显示,该群落处于增长状态,按照Raunkiaer的频度等级定律,属于A级的种类最多,频度值为52.32。整个群落物种丰富度Magarlef指数为9.65,Shannon-Wiener指数为3.17,均匀度指数为0.71,3个层次多样性格局为"灌木层>乔木层>草本层"。物种多样性比较结果显示,大鹏半岛香蒲桃群落的物种多样性水平高于受不同程度干扰的深圳南山假萍婆群落和澳门假苹婆群落,但比保护较好的香港黄桐群落和鼎湖山厚壳桂群落低,过度的人为干扰将导致植物物种多样性的降低。

The characteristics and species diversity of the Syzygium odoratum community in fungshui woods of Dapeng peninsula were studied based on community investigation. 86 species in 80 genera and 44 families of vascular plants were found in 12 plots of 1 200 m^2 ,and most plants belonged to tropical genera（89. 33% of the total）. S. odoratum,Vaccinium bracteatum,Aporosa dioica ,Rapanea nerrifolia are the dominant species. The physiognomy of the community was evergreen all year round,and the life form in the community was dominated by phanerophytes（86. 05%）. The analysis on age-structure of dominant populations showed that the main populations of the community belong to increasing populations,and the A-level frequency is 52.32 by Raunldaefs frequency law,of which 35 species were found one time among the 12 plots. The species diversity of the community is relatively high with the Margalef index of 9.65, the Shannon-Wiener index of 3. 17,and the evenness index of 0. 71. The diversity pattern from maximum to minimum is shrub,arbor and herb layer in three layers of the community. Diversity comparison with 4 communities of neighboring regions showed that the species diversity of S. odoratum community was higher than that of the Sterculia lacceolata community in Shenzhen and the S. lacceolata community in Macao, which have been disturbed by human, but was lower than that of the Endospermum chinensis community in Hong Kong and Cryptocarya chinensis community in Dinghushan Natural Reserve,which have been well protected for a long time. The excess of human disturbance would decrease plant species diversity,so effective conservation measures for the plant resources should be formulated.