论马在《诗经》中的意象建构

On the Image Construction of Horses in the Book of Odes

《诗经》里有大量篇章描写到马这一意象,形形色色的马被广泛地应用于社会生活的方方面面。马是征战狩猎的坐骑,马及马所拉之车成了征战的主力,战争的成败得失都与马有着密切的关系;狩猎不仅是人类早期谋生的重要手段,同时也已渗入了娱乐和军事训练的成分。马是传情达意的媒介,马的功用不仅能为传递情爱服务,诗人还借车马烟尘而深刻地反映了动荡昏暗的社会现实及忧国忧民的真实情怀。马是财富势力的象征,《诗经》时代常以车与马的数量来衡量国力之强弱和兴衰;马匹车辆还经常被作为赐赠用品以奖励有功之臣,这既是赏以财富,又是赐以极高的荣誉。

The image of house is widely described in the Book of Odes and different kinds of horses are used in various aspocts of social life. Cavalry Horses are trained forbattle and hunting. Horses and carts are the main forces in the battle field and the success or failure of a battle is closely related to horses. Hunting is not only a major way for human beings to make a living in the early times but also a way for amusement and military training. Horses are the medium for expressing ideas and emotions. The poets use horses to express their concern about the destiny of their country and their people in the unstable and dark society. Horses are the symbol of wealth. The amount of horses and carts ale described in the Book of odes to measure a country＇ s national strength and prosperity. Horses and carts are regarded as awards given to those who have deserved well of their country. Horses stand for wealth and honor as well.