张载以诚为指归的伦理思想

On Zhang Zai's Ethnics of Absolute Sincerity

张载以太虚为宇宙本体,是宇宙万物的最终本原。诚是太虚的存在性征和根本道德属性,诚因与宇宙论相结合而具有了形而上学的意蕴,成为人伦道德的形上依据。天道之诚下落于现实人生,被赋予了仁义礼智等人伦道德的内容,至诚是理想的道德境界。诚在张载理学体系中既是天道与人道的合一,也是体用的合一。诚之用则是本体世界向人伦日用的实践层面的转化与落实,诚的实践工夫是通过"诚"、"明"并进及与礼的紧密结合,内外发明完成对"气质之性"的转化。张载以诚为指归的伦理思想建立在天道与人道合一的基础上,体现了其理论建构由体达用、体用合一及由天及人、天人合一的思维向度。

Zhang Zai considered that the emptiness was the universal ontology and the ultimate self of everything in the universe. Sincerity was considered the existence and basic moral attributes of the emptiness and became a moral ground in human ethnics after it got the metaphysical meaning-its combination with the theory of the universe. Sincerity, believed to be originated from Heaven and then degraded in real life, was entrusted with such ethic morality annotations as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom and complete sincerity was the ideal level of morality. In Zhang＇s ethnics system, sincerity was the unity of Heaven and human beings as well as the combination of the body and the practice. The actual use of sincerity was the transformation and fulfillment from the universal ontology to the earthly human world; the practice of sincerity was through the actual implementation of sincerity and understanding as well as the close integration with courtesy, which can be seen as a kind of temperament conversion through the internal and external inventions. Zhang＇s ethnics of absolute sincerity was based on the unity of Heaven and human beings, which manifests the construction of this ethnics in many dimensions： from the body to the practice and then the combination of the body and the practice as well as from Heaven to human beings and then the combination of both.