第一次鸦片战争时期中英双方火炮发射火药的技术研究

On both Chinese and British Powder Quality During the First Opium War

从局部上看,此时期的清军火炮发射火药与英军相比,除了制作方法和生产规模不同之外,还处于同一发展阶段,皆为黑色有烟火药。此时,清朝沿海一些省份中也已制成和使用了效力不次于英军的新式火药,其中尤以福建水师提督陈阶平所配置的火药为上乘。道光皇帝曾屡次发布上谕,命令各直省一体按陈阶平所配制的火药方法如式制造。但是,从整体上看,清朝沿海大多省份的火药制造因是封建的手工生产方式,再加上火药赔累制度等社会因素的制约,导致火药的生产规模、性能和实战效果与英军火药相比存在着巨大差异。

During the first Opium War, both Chinese and British Powder was in the same as stage , except for the manufacturing method . At that time , the Qing army also had the new powder, which performance was in no way inferior to the British Powder . Among thes new powder, Chen Jie-ping produced the best Powder. DaoGuang Emperor often required, the Maritime Provinces turned out Powder by the methods of ChenJie-ping. But, in the mass the Qing Dynasty＇s powder was enslaved to the manufactory and the powder system of getting involved in a losing venture, the power quality was bad in maritime provinces. Just the key of the Powder in Qing army＇s Cannons showed the performance＇s difference of both Chinese and British cannons.