“唐诗宋词”说评议

Appraisal on The Term "Tang Poetry and Song Ci"

以"唐诗宋词"代表"一代之文学",主要是元代以来边缘文人的观点,而正统文人多以"唐诗宋文"代表"一代之文学"。"唐诗宋词"说只有限定于韵文系统内,文体自身历代纵向比较特别是与后代比较,才最具合理性。王国维、胡适以从西方引进的纯文学观念改造"唐诗宋词"说,使此说上升为现代主流学术观念,胡适更"误读"为"唐诗宋词"胜过同时代其他文体。事实上,"唐诗宋词"代表"一代之文学",是元代以后"追认"的,远离文学史原生态。"唐诗宋词"并提,但不"等值",唐诗比宋词更有资格代表"一代之文学"。"唐诗宋词"说对唐宋文学研究格局和撰写模式都产生不同程度的负面影响。从特定的角度看,此说具有一定程度的合理性,不应当作"定论"接受。

The non- mainstream scholars have generally asserted since Yuan Dynasty that ＂Tang Poetry and Song Ci＂ represents ＂one generation＇s literature＂. But most orthodox literati considered ＂Tang Poetry and Song Prose＂ marked the literature of one generation, which is only true within verse system. The longitudinal comparison of literary style, especially with later generation, is the most reasonable. WANG Guo-wei and HU Shi adopted the pure literary idea to transform the assertion of ＂Tang Poetry and Song Ci＂, making it a modern mainstream academic concept. Hu Shi even ＂misinterprets＂ it as a superiority over other contemporary styles. The claim that ＂Tang Poetry and Song Ci＂ stands for ＂one generation＇s literature＂, is only confered posthumously since Yuan Dynasty, far from the history of literature primary condition. The fact is that ＂Tang Poetry and Song Ci＂ , although simultaneously mentioned , are not of the same importance. Tang Poetry is more eligible to represent ＂one generation＇s literature＂ than Song Ci. The claim that ＂Tang Poetry and Song Ci＂ stands for ＂one generation＇s literature＂ is only reasonable in certain degrees. It , however, exerts negative influence on the research pattern and composes mode of the literature in Tang and Song Dynasty and thus should not be taken as a ＂final conclusion＂.