究竟什么是文学理论——兼论文艺学边界问题

What Is Literary Theory and Its Boundary

要解答文学理论有没有边界的问题,应该从知识社会学中的"理论"概念入手。"理论"是不断打破已有模式和权威的知识活动,它与对象和已有的知识背景之间是对话关系。文学理论就是以文学为基础的理论。本雅明、巴赫金和海德格尔分别代表了三种不同类型的"文学理论"。为文学理论设定边界的是一种传统理论,在新型文学理论中边界是应该被突破的。

In order to answer the question whether there is a boundary of literary theory, we should begin with the definition of ＂theory＂ within sociology of knowledge. The ＂theory＂ is an intellectual action which keeps on breaking up the old models and authority. It keeps dialogical relationships between its objects and previous background. So ＂literary theory＂ should be a dialogue between theory and literature. There are three types of literary theory, which were set up respectively by Walter Benjamin, Mikhail Bakhtin and Martin Heidegger. The boundary just stands in traditional theory, while it should be broken up in new types of theory.