高寒草甸典型小流域土壤水分空间变异对比研究

The Contrast Analysis on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture of Two Comparative Gully Catchments of Alpine Meadow

以寒区两个典型小流域为例,根据理论变异函数,通过Krige空间内插法对比研究小流域0～30cm层土壤水分空间变异性及其特征。结果表明：（1）受植被类型、覆盖度影响,水平方向上,同一流域不同植被类型土壤含水量分布为：高寒灌丛草甸〉高寒嵩草草甸〉退化草地;相同草甸类型条件下,纳通河流域平均土壤水分含量均小于跨热洼尔玛流域;各坡位、坡向草甸植被严重退化区域土壤水分含量均略小于高寒草甸草地区域。（2）从剖面分析,跨热洼尔玛流域各层土壤含水量均大于纳通河流域;剖面变异性、土壤水分下渗速度纳通河流域总体均大于跨热洼尔玛流域;土壤水分变化剧烈程度高寒草甸草地区域在20～30 cm层、植被退化区域10～20 cm层;土壤水分下渗速度草甸植被严重退化区域大于高寒草甸草地;高寒草甸草地区域在10～20 cm层土壤水分在下渗过程中有一定的滞后作用;而草甸植被严重退化区域则无此类情况。

Take two typical areas in cold region for example, based on theory variation function, and Krige space insert method, study on space variation and characteristics of soil moisture in 0～30 cm layers of contrast research river basin. It is revealed that;（1） due to the influences of vegetation types and coverage in horizontal direction, soil moisture content distributing of different vegetation type in one basin is： alpine shrub meadow 〉alpine K. humulis meadow〉degenerative meadow; the same meadow type in different region, average soli moisture content of natonghe basin is smaller than kuarewaerma basin; and the heavy degenerative region is also smaller than alpine meadow. （2） Analysis on section, soil moisture content in each layer of kuarewaerma region is larger than natonghe region; but variability in section and filter ratio in natonghe are lager than kuarewaerma, and in heavy degenerative region it is more quickly than alpine meadow; the smart moisture change of alpine meadow is in 20～30cm layer, and degenerative region is from 10 to 20 cm; and hysteresis occurs in 10～20 cm layer of alpine meadow, but wasn＇t observed in heavy degenerative region.