图书馆安全危机的防范与处置

Prevention and Treatment about the Safety Crisis of Libraries

根据危机起因,可将图书馆安全危机分为以下类型:火灾、水灾、尘灾、风灾、雷灾、地质灾、虫鼠灾、偷盗抢劫、计算机系统安全危机、疾病、政治劫难、恐怖袭击、战争等。对于图书馆安全危机,需要建立“防灾、抗灾、容灾、恢复、学习改进”等一系列措施,具体可从五方面考虑:(1)图书馆日常安全管理。加强日常安全管理;编制并完善图书馆安全危机应急预案和恢复预案,准备适当的应急物资;普及安全知识和应急常识,开展工作人员和读者培训、演练;安全评估与改进。(2)图书馆安全危机预警系统。设计预警指标及预警级别,收集安全危机信息,分析安全危机,发出安全警报(。3)图书馆安全危机应急响应。启动或调整应急预案,实施应急响应(。4)图书馆安全危机恢复。启动恢复预案,求助专业恢复机构,善后处理,社会及图书馆联盟的捐赠援助,调查评估与信息发布,恢复中警惕危机次生、衍生、再生。(5)图书馆安全危机总结评价。

According to the crisis inducement, we can divide library crisis into various types, such as fire, flood, flying dust, wind, thunder disasters, geological disasters, wormholed and mouse-eaten, theft and plunder, safety crisis of computer system, disease, political disasters, terrorism attacks, war and so on. Facing so much safety crisis, we need to take a serial of measures to responding, includ- ing prevention, defending, compatibleness, recovery, learning and improving. Concretely speaking, five aspects should be considered. （ 1 ）Ordinary safety management： strengthening ordinary safety management, compiling and improving emergency response counterplans and crisis recovery counterplans, preparing suitable emergency materials, disseminating safety knowledge and emergency common sense, training librarians and readers and practicing some drilling, safety evaluation and improving. （2）Crisis warning system： designing warning indexes and warning levels, collecting safety crisis information, analyzing safety crisis, sending out safety warnings. （3）Emergency response ： starting up emergency response counterplans and implementing emergency response. （4）Crisis recovery： starting up crisis recovery counterplans, resorting to professional recovery institutions, dealing with psychological and emotional problems arising from crisis, calling on and accepting assistance and donation from society or library unions, investigating, evaluating and issuing in- formation, guarding the crisis in order to avoiding reoccurring. （5）Summarizing experience and evaluating success and failure.