护理人员在静脉输液操作中针刺伤的调查研究

Investigation on Needle-stick Injuries to Nurses during the Procedure of IV Infusion

目的了解云南省护理人员在静脉输液操作中发生针刺伤的情况,并提出有效的防护对策。方法利用组织护理学术活动机会,对云南地区15所医院的323名护士随机发放问卷调查表,对调查资料采用回顾性分析方法。结果323名护士针刺伤发生率为92.26%;护龄短的护士针刺伤发生率明显高于护龄长的护士,两者比较有统计学意义(P<0.01);静脉输液操作中以针头用后重新套入针帽、吸取药液配液体时、安装或取下注射器/输液器针帽时较其他环节更容易发生针刺伤。针刺伤前接种乙肝疫苗的护士仅占55.36%;针刺伤后能够采取正确处理方法的护士仅占52.34%;对针刺伤防护知识基本了解的护士仅占26.85%;针刺伤好发部位以手掌居多,占78%。结论静脉输液操作中针刺伤已成为护士最常见的职业损伤,增强护士安全防护意识至关重要,应制定静脉输液中防止针刺伤的规范操作流程,建立静脉输液针刺伤报告及回访制度,提高静脉输液器材的安全性,最大限度地减少对护士造成的危害。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of needle-stick injuries to nurses during the IV infusion in Yunnan Province, so as to search for effective preventive countermeasures. Methods Questionnaire survey was used in the nurses attending academic meetings. Results Of the 323 nurses investigated, 92. 26% had experienced needle-stick injuries; junior nurses suffered moi＇e needle-stick injuries than senior nurses（ P〈0.01）. The nurses were prone to needle-stick injury when recapping the needles after IV drip had been set, drawing the fluid with syringe, recapping or taking off needles from syringes or IV drips. Only 55.36 % nurses received Hepatitis B vaccina- tion prior to the needle-stick injuries. 78% of the needle-stick injuries took place on the palms. Once the needle-stick injuries happened, 52.34% of nurses had taken correct measures to deal with it. 26.85% of the nurses had the fundamental knowledge on needle-stick injury prevention. Conclusion Needle-stick injuries are the most common occupational injuries to nurses. To effectively prevent needle-stick injuries, it is of critical importance to enhance the nurses＇ awareness for injury prevention. Flow chart on how to prevent needle-stick injuries from IV infusion should be made, principles of reporting and reviewing the incidents of needle-stick injuries from IV infusion should be established in an effort to reduce injury to the nurses.