道路景观生态设计的理论与实践——以上海市为例

Theory and Practice of Road Landscape Ecological Design——Case Study in Shanghai

生态设计是任何与生态过程相协调,尽量使其对环境的破坏影响达到最小的设计形式。生态设计是随着全球工业化速度加快、环境问题日益凸现、自然资源短缺和生存危机加剧而发展起来的,经历了问题反思、理论探索、理论发展和设计实践4个过程,持续了近百年的时间。生态设计的研究范围主要集中在产品的生态设计、建筑的生态设计、城市的生态设计、景观生态设计等领域;景观生态设计大致可以将其分为自然式设计、乡土化设计、保护性设计和恢复性设计4个阶段及其类型;道路景观生态设计是将道路景观的环境影响控制、生态系统和生物多样性提高、生态美学和景观游赏融为一体的设计;按照生态设计的理念,上海道路景观分为4种类型:景观生态型、景观生产型、生态游憩型、生态防护型。

Ecological design can be defined as any form of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with living processes.＇This integration implies that the design respects species diversity, minimizes resource depletion, preserves nutrient and water cycles, maintains habitat quality, and attends to all the other preconditions of human and ecosystem health. The development of ecological design undergo four courses： question bringing forward, theory exploration, theory development design practice, along with the growing of global industrialization, environment worsening, natural resources shortage and survival crisis of the world. The research field of ecological design focus on the product ecological design, architecture ecological design urban ecological design and landscape ecological design, etc.. landscape ecological design includes four types： natural design, rural design, preservation design and resuming design. Road ecological design integrates road environmental influence control, ecosystem and biodiversity improving with etiological recreation. The road landscape of Shanghai is divided four types： landscape-ecology model, landscape-production model, ecology- recreation model and ecology-defending model.