中国古典园林对“日本庭园”的影响

Effect of the Chinese Traditional Garden on the "Japanese Garden"

日本庭园以再现自然风景为基调,与中国园林有共通之处,但是其细部表现技法有所不同。本研究从land-scape architecture的3个展开阶段,即从(1)concept making(构思力)(2)landscape planning(规划力)(3)landscape design(造景力)3个水准方面,将中国园林的思想和方法对日本造园和庭园产生的影响进行了论述。其结论是,作为人类理想目标建造Garden具有意义,从美好安全舒适有水有绿适于生存的景观和空间角度来看,可说是“造园思想”水准上日中是共通的,日本全面接受了中国原理。但是,当地各自不同的自然条件、政治、社会经济文化条件的日中之间,技术水平即意匠、材料、施工等“造园方法”迥然不同,可认为是“中国园林”和“日本庭园”典型的庭园样式发展,对世界造园形式的多样化作出了贡献。

The Japanese garden is similar to the Chinese garden, in that it is based on the reproduction of natural scenery, Nevertheless, it uses different techniques of representation. Based on the three steps of landscape architecture, namely （1） concept making, （2） landscape planning and （3） landscape design, this study discusses in three levels how the ideas and methods of the creation of the Chinese garden influenced the creation of the Japanese landscape and garden. One of the goals of the garden design has always been the welfare of mankind, or more specifically the creation of beauti- ful scenery and a safe space with pleasant water bodies and greenery. Basically, this characteristic of ＂the conceptual level of landscape gardening＂ was common both in Japan and China, and Japan accepted an overall Chinese principle. However, owing to distinct localization due to the differences between China and Japan in terms of natural conditions, politics, societal and economic factors and even the technological level, the so-called design, materials, construction and management that comprise the ＂methods of landscape architecture＂ became evidently different. That led to the development of distinct styles of the ＂Chinese garden＂ and the ＂Japanese garden＂ and thus contributed to the diversification of garden design styles throughout the world.