血吸虫病流行地区五氯酚的环境污染、人体接触量及健康影响的研究

Environmental Pollution,Human Exposure and its Health Effect of Sodium Pentachlorophenate in Schistosomiasis Prevalent Area

五氯酚钠是我国血吸虫流行地区常用的杀灭血吸虫中间宿主钉螺的药物。为评价长期使用后对环境和人体健康的影响，在四川、江西、江苏和福建省的血吸虫病流行地区及对照区，在非用药期间（施用五氯酚后一个月以上）开展了五氯酚的环境污染、人体接触量及健康影响的研究。结果显示：用药区除空气外，其它环境介质（水、土壤、底泥、动植物）五氯酚含量均显著高于对照区，用药区食品、人群五氯酚的日摄取量及尿中五氯酚浓度也均显著高于对照区，表明已造成用药区环境五氯酚的污染和人体内的蓄积。健康检查和生化检查显示除用药区血胆碱酯酶活力较对照区有２２％～２８％的下降外，未见其它影响。文中还讨论了五氯酚中二口恶烷类和呋喃类有害杂质对健康影响的可能性。

Sodium pentachlorophenate (Na PCP) has been used in China for years as an molluscacide to kill oncomelania,which is an intermediate host of Schistosome.To evaluate the effects of its long term successive usage on environment,human exposure and health,studies were carried out in Sichuan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu and Fujian provinces,with a time gap of more than one month between sample collection and last spray of Na PCP.Results indicated that PCP contents in surface water,soil,sediment,animals and plants were significantly higher in studied areas than in control areas.The daily intake and the content in urine of PCP were also sigificantlfy higher in studied areas.But,there was no difference on physical and biochemical examinations except that a 22%～28% decrease of blood cholinesterase activity was found in studied areas.The health effect of impurities in Na PCP,dioxins and furans,was assessed and discussed.