否定句理解中知觉仿真的动态过程

The Dynamic Process of Perceptual Simulation in the Comprehension of Negative Sentences

采用移动窗口阅读技术探讨否定句理解中被否定的情境和真实情境在头脑中的具体表征。实验材料包括否定句和图片,根据句子隐含形状与再认图片的匹配关系分为匹配和不匹配两个版本。实验1中句子呈现时间为700ms,结果发现匹配版本中图片再认时间明显短于不匹配版本,证实了否定句理解中被否定情境的知觉仿真。实验2中句子呈现时间延长到1000ms,结果两个版本图片再认时间没有差异,说明读者已经转为对否定句所表达的真实情境进行仿真。实验支持了知觉符号观并进一步说明否定句理解中知觉仿真和知觉符号激活是一个动态的"两步走"的加工过程。

The moving window method was used to investigate the representation of negated and actual situations described in negative sentences. According to whether the shape of an object in the picture was consistent with that in the sentence, experimental materials were divided into two types： consistent version and inconsistent version. In Experiment 1, the duration time of sentences was 700ms, and the recognition time in the consistent version was much shorter than that in the inconsistent version. In Experiment 2, the duration time of sentences was extended to 1000ms, and there was no significant difference in recognizing time between the two versions. The recognizing time of pictures was analyzed by the Paired-Sample T Test. In Experiment 1, their differences were significant. Therefore, our results supported the perceptual symbol theory and further illustrated that the perceptual simulation of negative situation maybe a “two- step” process： the first is to construct a mental simulation of the embedded situation, and the second is to move attention from this representation toward the representation of the actual situation in the negative condition.