试论近代欧洲民族主义及其史学的浪漫主义渊源——以德国为讨论中心

The Source of Romanticism in Modern European Nationalism and Historiography

近代欧洲民族主义和民族主义史学的产生,是浪漫主义运动在历史和政治领域的反映。浪漫主义对情感、历史连续性、独特性和整体性的强调,是民族主义产生的思想和情感基础。在启蒙运动、法国大革命和拿破仑战争的影响下,欧洲各国历史学家对本民族的历史、文化传统和命运进行深入的研究,形成了民族主义史学。浪漫主义对个体独特性以及个体与整体协调发展思想的强调,使早期民族主义和世界主义在根本上保持一致。

The nationalism and the historiography of nationalism is the reflection of the movement of Romanticism in the field of history and politics in Europe.The emphasis of Romanticism on sentiment,the continuity of history,the specialty and integrity is the foundation of thoughts and sentiment to produce nationalism.The national historiography began to form through the study of historians from different countries in Europe on the national history,cultural tradition and national fate in the background of the Enlightenment,the French Revolution and Napoleon War.Moreover,the emphasis of romanticism on the thoughts of specialty of individual,the harmonious developments between individual and the whole,preserves the consistence of early nationalism with cosmopolitism in essence.