我国坡地资源利用生态环境效应的研究现状综述

A Review of the Present Research of Sloping Land Use and Its Eco-environmental Effects in China

坡地资源是重要的土地资源,开发利用坡地资源是人类极为重要的物资来源。坡地资源利用存在正负两方面的生态环境效应,合理利用有利于养分和水分的循环,不适宜的开发利用将导致养分和水分循环的失调,坡地资源退化。因此,开展坡地资源利用及其生态环境效应研究,探讨各地开发、利用坡地资源模式及坡地资源退化防治措施,对农业生产实践具有十分重要的理论指导意义。文中从3个方面介绍我国坡地资源利用生态环境效应的研究现状:一是坡地资源利用研究的理论方法,包括实地观测试验与防治措施研究;二是从不同尺度包括区域尺度、小流域尺度和坡面尺度研究坡地资源利用的生态环境问题;三是研究坡地资源利用的生态环境效应。最后,综合分析我国坡地资源利用生态环境效应研究存在的问题,指出今后展开深入研究的方向。

Exploitation and utilization of sloping land resource may bring positive or negative effects on environment. Rational utilization of the slopes can benefit the circle of nutrition and water, while irrational exploitation will lead to degradation of the land. In the paper, the present research on the utilization of the sloping land resources and its eco-environmental effects is reviewed from three aspects： 1. the theory and methodology of the researches, including the on-the-spot experiments and observations and exploration of the measures for sloping land protection; 2. the analysis of the eco-environmental problems brought by the utilization of sloping land from different scales, involving that of a region, a small basin, or a specific slope surface ; 3. the study of the eco-environmental effects aroused by the exploitation. On the basis of the review, some suggestions for further study on sloping land use are put forward.