水射流特种加工技术应用

Special precise machining technology using high speed water jet

高速水射流特种加工是利用具有很高动能的高速(超音速)水射流束来冲蚀材料,从而实现材料切削,属于高能束加工范畴,是一种可与激光、等离子体、电子束加工方法媲美的新型切割加工工具。水射流具有介质成本低、清洁、环境友好,而且对被加工材料无热损伤(被切割材料温度小于100℃)等优点,在许多材料的切割加工、表面处理中,水射流具有其独特的优越性。另一方面,水射流切割无(机械)接触,适应性好、切割表面精度高、切缝窄、材料损耗少、清洁无污染,配合数控执行机构可精确切割加工任意复杂形状工件。高速水射流尤其适用于高硬度、高脆性难加工材料、复合材料、钢筋混凝土、陶瓷、石材等的切割加工。

High speed water jet special machining utilizes the beam of water with very high dynamic energy to cut materials, therefore it actually belongs to the machining tool of high energy beam. In many applications, water jet machining has some advantages over the laser, plasma and EDM etc., such as less expensive, environmentally friendly and has no heat affected zone （working temperature less than 100℃）. On the other hand, water jet machining is no contact with parts, flexible, reasonably precise, narrow kerf width, less waste of materials, no contamination, easy to integrate CNC to precisely cut any materials with complicated shapes. Therefore water jet is a good unconventional tool for hard, fragile and very difficult to cut materials, e.g. composite, concrete, ceramics and stone materials etc.