穿山龙多糖的提取与纯化工艺条件优化

The Isolation,Separation,Purification and Property Research of Polysaccharide Extracted from Dioscorea nipponica Makino

通过单因素法,研究从穿山龙中提取水溶性多糖的工艺条件,以及分析原料质量与提取液体积的比(料液比)、浸提温度和提取时间3个主要因素对提取量的影响,并对热水浸提穿山龙多糖的工艺条件进行优化.实验表明,水提多糖最佳提取工艺条件:料液比(g∶mL)为1∶4,浸提温度为90℃,浸提时间为2.5 h.按最佳工艺条件水煮提,醇沉干燥得到粗多糖(CP),经柱层析分离纯化后,可得组分CP-Ⅰ,CP-Ⅱ.采用柱层析、纸电泳检测组分的纯度,并利用高效液相色谱法和纸层析法分析组成,结果表明,CP-Ⅱ为单一多糖,由鼠李糖(Rha)、果糖(Fru)和葡萄糖(Glu)3种单糖组成,其量比n(Rha)∶n(Fru)∶n(Glu)为1∶1.08∶48.6.

This paper studies the process of extracting polysaccharides from Dioscorea nipponica Makino. During the extracting process, three main factors including ratio of solid to liquid, exacting time and temperature were studied by using single factor analysis method. On basis of above, the optimal process conditions of hot water extraction of polysaccharides were obtained by orthogonal as follows： ratio of solid to liquid 1 ： 4 （g ： mL）, extracting duration 2. 5 hours, and extracting temperature 90 ℃. A water-soluble crude polysaccharide （CP） was obtained after extracting with the optimal extracting conditions. Coarse amylose had to be purified, and two water-soluble polysaccharides named CP-Ⅰ and CP-Ⅱ were obtained. It was indicated that CP-Ⅱ was homogeneous by gel filtration chromatography and cellulose acetate pellicle electrophoresis. The monosaccharides of CP-Ⅱ were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and paper chromatography （PC）. The result showed that CP-Ⅱ was mainly composed of Rha,Fru and Glu, in the molar ratio of 1 ： 1.08 ： 48. 6.