基于流域水生态保护的跨界水污染补偿标准研究——关于太湖流域的实证分析

Research on Standardization of Compensation for Trans-regional Water Pollution Based on Protection of Water Eco-system in River Valley——An Empirical Analysis of Tai Lake Basin

水资源属于公共品,流域水生态污染正是令人触目惊心的"公地悲剧"。实证分析表明,上游地区工业发展产生的水污染,一方面导致下游水生态的严重恶化,另一方面使下游地区为恢复水生态承担高昂治理成本。因此,建立跨界水生态补偿机制,确立"污染者付费"的补偿标准迫在眉睫。本文以水生态"恢复成本"作为补偿依据,定量分析了上游如果造成流域污染,而必须对下游进行补偿的金额。通过对典型案例太湖流域水生态现状与问题的总结,提出上游补偿下游地区水生态"恢复成本"的解决思路,探求从根本上解决流域水生态污染问题的路径。

Water resource is public goods. Pollution to eco system in river valley is the remarkable tragedy of the commons. The empirical conclusions show that the pollution from upper reaches will lead to the deterioration of eco system in lower reaches ＆ tremendous renovation cost. As a result, it is urgent to establish compensation mechanism in river valley ＆ ＂Polluter Pays Principle＂. This paper takes the standardization of renovation cost as the compensation basis. Using the model of econometrics, the paper analyzing the compensation amount that the upper reaches should pay to the lower reaches. By summarizing the typical case of Tai Lake, the paper puts forward the idea of renovation cost to permanently resolve the protection of eco system in river valley.