老年患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的危险因素与防治对策

Risk Factors and Prevention Strategy in Elderly Patients with Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

目的探讨患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的危险因素,并制定防治对策。方法对105例老年VAP患者进行了年龄、基础疾病、机械通气方法、抗菌药物使用、感染致病菌调查与统计分析。结果105例老年患者均有较严重的基础疾病,住院日长,进行过气管插管、气管切开或呼吸机治疗,使用过多种广谱抗菌药物。结论防治老年VAP应采取综合性措施,以预防为主,重视消毒隔离,缩短机械通气时间,加强患者的护理。

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors in elderly patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia （VAP） and to provide the corresponding clinical prevention strategies. METHODS The ages, underlying diseases, mechanical ventilation method, use of antibiotics, and pathogenic bacteria of the VAP patients were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS Totally 105 elderly patients with VAP had serious underlying diseases, and were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, tracheal intubation or trachea incision. Most pathogenic bacteria were multiresistant. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of VAP is the priority of treatment for elderly patients. In order to control the occurrence and spread of VAP, clinicians should shorten the time of ventilator treatment, pay more attention to sterilization and isolation, and strengthen the attendance of the patients.