对取保候审功能传统界定的反思

Reflection on Traditional Definition of the Role of Recognizance on Bail

从司法实践中取保候审的适用情况来看,我国法律及司法解释、部门规章中关于取保候审的规定存在的主要问题包括:取保候审适用标准不明确、期限规定不明确、保证金的收取数额弹性过大、缺乏制度性及程序性保障。立法上的缺失以及司法资源的匮乏直接导致我国取保候审制度在司法实践中的种种弊病。改革和完善我国的取保候审制度,应当从两个方面入手:一是取保候审的权利化;二是取保候审的程序化。权利属性和程序化的取保候审制度在应然层面上主要具有以下功能:人权保障功能、程序保障功能、诉讼效益功能。

As viewed from the implementation of the recognizance on bail in judicial practice, the problems existing in the provisions in the law, judicial interpretation and regulations mainly include following aspects： ambiguity of the applying condition, undefined time limit, unreasonable flexibility of the amount of bail, and lack of systematic and procedural guarantee. These problems are derived from legislative defect and insufficiency of judicial resource ; therefore the system of recognizance on bail should be reformed and ameliorated in two ways： one is empowering the recognizance on bail as a right ; the other is providing the system as a procedure. The recognizance on bail system with the nature of right and procedure ought to have several functions： human rights protection, procedure guarantee and procedural benefit.